The R-400 Oka (NATO designation: SS-23 Spider) was a Soviet medium- and long-range tactical missile system. The system used missiles from the 9M714 family, which were solid fuel missiles with a range of 300 to 480 kilometers. The first work on the R-400 Oka system was undertaken in 1972 in the KBM design office based in Kołomno. Assume that the production of these systems began a few years later - in 1979, and a year later the system entered the line. The R-400 Oka was based on the BAZ-6944 wheeled chassis, thanks to which it is characterized by very good off-road mobility and high - for a weapon of this class - maximum speed of the carrier, up to 70 km / h. In the R-400 system, great emphasis was placed on the highest possible automation of its use, which means that a well-trained crew is able to go through the stages from the transport phase to the missile launch in 10 minutes. The R-400 Oka system uses the 9M714 missiles, which have three main development variants. The first one (9M714V) uses a nuclear warhead with a power of up to 100kT and a range of up to 480 km. The second (9M714F) is based on a fragmentation warhead weighing up to 450 kg, which it can move to a target 450 kilometers away. The third version of the missile is the 9M714K, which has a 715 kg cartridge warhead and a range of up to 300 km. The R-400 system was officially withdrawn from service with the Soviet Army under the 1987 INF Disarmament Treaty. Other users of it were primarily the Warsaw Pact countries, including Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
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