Tp4 (another designation: G8.1) is a series of freight steam locomotives (steam locomotives), which were produced in the years 1912-1921 in many plants in Germany, e.g. at the Henschel company. The service weight of a single locomotive was 69.9 tons, and its length without tendr was 10.88 m. The diameter of the driving wheels was 1350 mm, with the axis system 0-4-0. In total, more than 4,500 steam locomotives of this type were built. The locomotives of the G8.1 series were created as a peculiar culmination of the long development line of German steam locomotives at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, marked with structures such as the G7 or G9 series. The Tp4 locomotive, however, featured a completely new and much more efficient boiler compared to its predecessors, larger cylinders and an increased wheelbase to 4.7 meters. The locomotives turned out to be extremely successful and had excellent properties, except for the maximum speed, which, however, can be explained by the 0-4-0 axis system adopted. As a result of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, Poland acquired over 450 G8.1 steam locomotives, which were renamed Tp4 by the Polish State Railways. Gradually, in the interwar period, they were replaced by Ty23 steam locomotives, but a large number of them survived World War II.
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