ROSYJSKA RAKIETA NOŚNA PROTON (8K82K) Z MODUŁEM ZON (7K-L1) Z 1967 ROKU

The Proton (officially designated UR-500) is a Soviet carrier rocket from the post-war period that was first launched in 1965. The rocket's take-off weight is approximately 585 tons. It could carry a payload of up to 12 tons into a low Earth orbit. The rocket was developed at Zakłady im. Chruniczewo in Moscow. Originally, it was assumed that the UR-500 missile would be an ICBM capable of carrying nuclear charges up to 10 MG. However, the size of the rocket, as well as the relatively long - for a military missile - preparatory procedure thwarted these plans. The Proton, however, turned out to be quite a valuable carrier rocket. It was true that in the years 1965-1970 he had many problems, but they were systematically removed and improved, significantly increasing the reliability of the rocket. It is worth adding that in 1967 a modernized version of the rocket called Proton K appeared, with a higher take-off mass and capable of carrying higher masses into orbit around the Earth. In 2001, the first launch of the Proton M rocket, capable of delivering a payload of 22 tons into orbit, took place. It is worth noting that the Proton rockets carried into orbit the Salyut stations, many elements of the MIR station and several modules of the International Space Station.