Hypaspists (Greek: hypaspistes ) is an infantry formation introduced to the line probably by Philip II of Macedon. This formation was most often part of the Macedonian phalanx, or more precisely, it was set on its wings and was supposed to protect it from being flanked by the enemy. A single hypaspist was armed with a relatively long spear, which usually measured from 3 to 4 meters (Greek: doratia), but it is possible that he could also use a much longer sarissa. As a side weapon, he most often used a sword (xiphos or machaira). As a defensive weapon it had a helmet and a shield, probably very similar in structure and size to the Greek hoplon. It is likely that the soldiers of this formation did not wear armor at first, and with time began to use cloth armor. In general, the hypaspistes had a striking force similar to the Macedonian phalanx, but were much more mobile. Nevertheless, to this day, this formation raises many questions and doubts among historians - especially when it comes to the use of sarissa.
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